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Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children

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¾ç¿¬¹Ì ( Yang Yeon-Mi ) - Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry

Abstract

¼ö¸éÈ£ÈíÀå¾Ö(sleep disordered breathing, SDB)´Â »ó±âµµÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¶Ç´Â ºÎºÐÀû Æó¼â·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼ö¸é Áß ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ ÀúÈ£Èí°ú ¹«È£ÈíÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀ» Ư¡À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÁúȯÀÌ´Ù. ¼Ò¾Æ SDB À¯º´·üÀº ´ë·« 12 - 15%À̸ç, È£¹ß ¿¬·ÉÀº ÁÖ·Î 3 - 5¼¼ÀÇ ¹ÌÃëÇÐ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¸°ÀÌ´Â ÄÚ°ñÀÌ¿Í ÀæÀº °¢¼ººÎÅÍ ¾ß´¢Áõ, °úÀ×Çൿ¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áõ»óÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡¼­ SDBÀÇ ÁÖ¿øÀÎÀº Æíµµ ¹× ¾Æµ¥³ëÀÌµå ºñ´ë·Î ÀÎÇÑ »ó±âµµÀÇ Æó¼âÀÌ´Ù. SDB¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÇнÀ Àå¾Ö, ÀÎÁö Àå¾Ö, Çൿ ¹®Á¦, ½ÉÇ÷°ü Áúȯ, ´ë»ç ÁõÈıº, Àú¼ºÀå µî°ú °°Àº ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¾ÆÄ¡°ú ÀÇ»ç´Â SDBÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æ¸¦ °¨º°Çϴ Ưº°ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¾ÆÄ¡°ú ÀÇ»ç´Â SDB¿Í °ü·Ã ÀÖ´Â ÀÓ»ó ¾ç»óÀ» ÀÎÁöÇÏ°í, ¼Ò¾Æ ¼ö¸é¼³¹®Áö, Ãø¸ðµÎºÎ°èÃø ¹æ»ç¼±»çÁø, ÈÞ´ë¿ë °£À̼ö¸é°Ë»ç µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© SDB¸¦ ¼±º°ÇÏ¿© Àü¹®°¡¿¡°Ô ÀÇ·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Ò¾ÆÄ¡°ú¿¡¼­´Â Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇØ »ó¾Ç±Ã È®Àå, ÇÏ¾Ç Àü¹æ À¯µµÀåÄ¡, ¼³¼Ò´ë ÀýÁ¦¼ú µîÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¾ÆÄ¡°ú ÀÇ»ç´Â Àå±â°£ÀÇ ±¸È£Èí°ú ÀúÀ§¼³, ¼³¼Ò´ë´ÜÃàÁõ µîÀÌ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¾È¸é°ñ°Ý ¼ºÀå ¹× ¼ö¸é ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ÀÎÁöÇÏ°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀ» ¿¹¹æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Á¶±â¿¡ °³ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a disease characterized by repeated hypopnea and apnea during sleep due to complete or partial obstruction of upper airway. The prevalence of pediatric SDB is approximately 12 - 15%, and the most common age group is preschool children aged 3 - 5 years. Children show more varied presentations, from snoring and frequent arousals to enuresis and hyperactivity. The main cause of pediatric SDB is obstruction of the upper airway related to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. If SDB is left untreated, it can cause complications such as learning difficulties, cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and poor growth. Pediatric dentists are in a special position to identify children at risk for SDB. Pediatric dentists recognize clinical features related to SDB, and they should screen for SDB by using the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), lateral cephalometry radiograph, and portable sleep monitoring test and refer to sleep specialists. As a therapeutic approach, maxillary arch expansion treatment, mandible advancement device, and lingual frenectomy can be performed. Pediatric dentists should recognize that prolonged mouth breathing, lower tongue posture, and ankyloglossia can cause abnormal facial skeletal growth patterns and sleep problems. Pediatric dentists should be able to prevent these problems through early intervention.

Å°¿öµå

Sleep disordered breathing; Pediatric dentist; Ankyloglossia

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